PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice late to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.